In an ANOVA calculation evaluating causation, the mean square within groups value represents the ordinary amount of variation that exists in the data set. What does the mean square between groups value represent?
a. The effect that the interventional conditions produce
b. The average of all variations in the data set
c. Total variation
d. The differences that exist among the several interventional conditions
ANS: A
The term "mean square" (MS) is used interchangeably with the word "variance." The formulas for ANOVA compute two estimates of variance: the between groups variance and the within groups variance. The between groups variance represents differences between the groups/conditions being compared, and the within groups variance represents differences among (within) each groups' data. Therefore, the formula is F = MS between/MS within.
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