The micturition reflex is initiated by the
A. stretching of the walls of the ureters.
B. relaxation of the external urinary sphincter.
C. constriction of the external urinary sphincter.
D. stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder.
E. relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder.
Answer: D
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Compartments A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to K+ but not to Na+ or Cl-. At time zero, a solution of KCl is poured into compartment A and an equally concentrated solution of NaCl is poured into compartment B. Which would be true once equilibrium is reached?
A. Diffusion of K+ from A to B will be greater than the diffusion of K+ from B to A. B. The electrical potential difference and diffusion potential due to the concentration gradient for K+ will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. C. The concentration of Cl- will be higher in B than it was at time zero. D. The concentration of Na+ in A will be higher than it was at time zero. E. There will be a potential difference across the membrane, with side B negative relative to side A.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?
A. Glomerulonephritis B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis C. Atopic dermatitis D. Multiple sclerosis
Which type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?
A. Autocrine B. Neurotransmitter C. Endocrine D. Paracrine