Chad was interviewing for jobs, and the HR manager at one firm told him that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here, Chad is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory.
A. valence
B. instrumentality
C. outcomes
D. expectancy
E. significance
A. valence
Valence is value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward. Here, Chad does not particularly value this reward for taking the job.
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