What are the four categories of Van de Ven and Poole’s (1995) process schools of thought or organization change? Name the key metaphor and describe the event progression for each one.
What will be an ideal response?
The four categories are life cycle, teleological, dialectic, and evolutionary. The key metaphor for life cycle is organic growth, whose event progression is a linear and irreversible sequence of prescribed stages. The key metaphor for teleological is purposeful cooperation. Its event progression is a recurrent, discontinuous sequence of goal setting, implementation, and adaptation of means to reach an end state. Dialectic’s key metaphor is opposition and conflict. Its event progression is a recurrent, discontinuous sequence of confrontation, conflict, and synthesis. The evolutionary school’s key metaphor is competitive survival. Its even progression is a recurrent, cumulative and probabilistic sequence of variation, selection, and retention.
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Organizations are exclusively a human phenomenon. 2. The reasons for change are usually clear and easily definable. 3. Simply announcing a new vision does not mean there will be significant change in the organization. 4. Middle managers and employees at all levels should work to change organizational goals and objectives rather than relying on senior leadership.
According to the Keown book, the average student debt is more than ________. In addition, according to a recent Fidelity survey, total student debt-including credit card debt and personal and family loans-tops ________.
a. $9,000; $15,000 b. $19,000; $25,000 c. $29,000; $35,000 d. $39,000; $45,000
The U.S. law dealing with import relief is: A) Art. 8, Sec. 1, U.S. Constitution
B) Sec. 333, U.S. Import Relief Act. C) Sec. 201, Trade Act of 1974. D) GATT, Art. XIX.
Which of the following is a drawback to patents:
a. the application process is technical b. the application process is expensive c. the application process is time-consuming d. the approval process usually takes about two years e. all of the other specific choices are correct