Describe and differentiate among the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of a protein. To which kinds of interactions can each of these stages be ascribed?
What will be an ideal response?
Primary protein structure refers to the sequence of amino acids on the polypeptide chain, which is determined by the gene nucleotide sequence. Secondary structure is the regular folding and twisting of a single polypeptide chain into a variety of shapes. This can be ascribed to weak bonds (electrostatic or hydrogen bonds) between NH and CO groups that are near each other on the chain. Tertiary structure refers to the folding and twisting of the amino acid chain into a three-dimensional conformation. This can be ascribed to interactions among R-groups of individual amino acids.
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Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated?
A. The tumor-suppressor gene may be overactive. B. The resulting tumor-suppressor protein would further suppress cell proliferation. C. The resulting tumor-suppressor protein would activate an oncogene. D. The tumor-suppressor gene and resulting protein may lose its function and ability to suppress cell proliferation. E. None of the choices are possible.
In addition to oncogenes, changes in what other gene is likely involved in cancer development?
a. proto-oncogenes b. pre-oncogenes c. post-oncogenes d. dys-oncogenes e. tumor suppressor genes
If a cell has 36 chromosomes at the beginning of G1, how many chromosomes will be present at the end of G2?
a. 36 b. 18 c. 72 d. 64 e. 44
The DNA of telomeres has been highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes. This most likely reflects _____
A) the low frequency of mutations occurring in this DNA B) continued evolution of telomeres C) that new mutations in telomeres have been advantageous D) a critical function of telomeres