A 55-year-old woman develops a hiatal hernia in which the fundus of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thorax. Which of the following structures is/are at greatest risk of injury during surgical repair of this hernia?

(A) Thoracicduct
(B) Azygosvein
(C) Vagus nerves
(D) Sympathetic chains
(E) Superior epigastric vessels


Ans: (C) Vagus nerves

Anatomy & Physiology

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Three-year old Trevor is admitted to the hospital with stenosis (narrowing) of the foramen magnum. This condition directly affects which of these structures?

A. Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves B. Optic nerve C. Spinal cord D. Internal jugular veins E. Carotid arteries

Anatomy & Physiology

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of

A. active transport. B. pinocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. phagocytosis.

Anatomy & Physiology

Structures that connect lymphatic capillary cells to surrounding tissue and prevent the capillaries from collapsing are called ________ filaments.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Anatomy & Physiology

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus are referred to as the ____________________

A. menstrual cycle B. menarche C. reproductive cycle D. ovarian cycle E. luteal cycle

Anatomy & Physiology