To say that the existence of something is "contingent" means that
a. its existence is logically impossible.
b. its existence as well as its nonexistence is logically possible.
c. its existence is logically necessary.
d. it is impossible for experience to tell whether it exists or not.
b.
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What is evil, according to Hedonism?
A) Pleasure B) Success C) Sex D) Pain
When Marx says capitalism is "instrumentally irrational," he means that:
A. to maximize profits, a capitalist must minimize the wages paid to the people intended as consumers. B. it fails at its central task, the production of goods. C. capitalists erroneously assume that buyers behave rationally in the market. D. it requires workers to act against their own interests. E. it requires capitalists to compete with one another, instead of cooperating.
According to Ayer, all of the ethical philosophy consists in:
a. saying that ethical concepts are truly important concepts. b. saying that ethical concepts can be rationally introspected. c. saying that ethical concepts are pseudo-concepts. d. a and b. e. b and c.
The benefits within moral standards are best seen in which statement?
a. There is a complete list of adequacy criteria for moral judgments that philosophers all agree on. b. Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession. c. Professional codes of ethics provide a complete and reliable guide to one's moral obligations. d. People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those whose desires extend beyond themselves