Drugs that block the production of cytokines, like cyclosporin, may be useful for treating autoimmune disorders
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
TRUE
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When membrane potential changes, we use the terms depolarization, hyperpolarization, and repolarization
Explain what is happening to the membrane potential in relation to the extracellular fluid during depolarization and hyperpolarization and how each phase could be achieved by negatively charged ions. Next, explain how it is possible for the membrane to be in both hyperpolarization and repolarization at the same time. What will be an ideal response?
Water and NaCl reabsorbed from the loop of Henle directly reenter which blood vessels?
A. Collecting ducts B. Efferent arterioles C. Vasa recta D. Cortical peritubular capillaries E. Afferent arterioles
A person slams their fingers in a door. Their fingernails are damaged near the lunula, forming large white ovals at the site of the injury. As time progresses, what happens to the damaged (white) area?
A. The white ovals will split vertically and each half will gradually move toward the lateral (horizontal) edges of the nails. B. The white ovals will gradually move upward toward the free edge of the nail and then be worn away with the free nail edge. C. The white ovals will be pushed up and out of the nail as raised bumps, with that section of nail eventually peeling off. D. The white ovals will slowly dissipate and disappear as the damage is replaced from underneath via the nail bed.
Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ________ controls.
A. intrinsic B. extrinsic