Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated in eukaryotic cells via a process called
a. phagocytosis.
b. endosymbiosis.
c. endocytosis.
d. autogenous formation.
Ans: b. endosymbiosis.
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You have received the first hepatitis A vaccine. It was required for your mission trip to Nicaragua in Central America, where hepatitis A is common. However, you never went back for the booster shot of the vaccine, which should have been received within 6 months of the initial vaccination. What statement accurately reflects your present immunity to this pathogen?
A. Not a problem because at any time, in a year, 5 years, etc., you can go get the booster vaccine for hepatitis A and be fully covered by immunity. B. You are at risk to get hepatitis A since your immune status is only partial. Not enough immune memory cells were produced since you received one dosage of vaccine, so you are likely to get the disease when exposed to the virus. C. This is not a problem because the second dosage is just extra protection. Your immune status would be very high. D. The one dosage is not enough because it only activated humoral immunity. The second dosage is used to activate cell-mediated immunity. The combination of the two immune responses gives you 100% coverage of immunity to hepatitis A.
Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to clean up toxic, hazardous compounds by degrading them to less harmful substances.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Regarding the viral membrane of an enveloped virus, the lipids are derived from the ________, and the proteins are encoded by ________
A) host's cell membrane / viral genes B) virion / viral genes C) host's cell membrane / host's genes D) virion / host's genes
What was the control in Arthur Kornberg's in vitro replication experiment described in this chapter?
A. The use of radiolabeled nucleotide triphosphates B. The exclusion of template DNA in one test tube C. Adding perchloric acid D. The use of E. coli proteins