Which of the following is NOT an example of preparedness in conditioning?
a. A child learns that brushing his teeth always results in praise from his parents.
b. Birds quickly learn to avoid drinking water that is the same color as water that
previously made them ill.
c. Baby ducklings learn to recognize their mother's sight and call as they follow her
around, and soon will follow nobody but their mother.
d. Rats learn to avoid drinking water with a salty taste that previously made them ill.
A
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__________ phobias are excessive, irrational fears of objects or situations such as snakes or heights
a. Disordered b. Irrational c. Social d. Specific
The two types of glial cells are called _____ and _____
A) occipital cells; lobitical cells B) astrocytes; oligodendrocytes C) occipitals; Schwanns D) oligodendrocytes; lobitical cells
Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to __________
a) biological changes in the brain. b) unconscious factors. c) completing activities in isolation. d) interaction between a child and skilled people.
The transfer of a response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is called ________
a. modeling b. desensitization c. operant conditioning d. classical conditioning