Which of the following is an example of an ex post facto fallacy?
A) Since A and B are related, you assume that A caused B.
B) Since the manipulation of the independent variable A results in a consistent change in the dependent variable B, you assume that the change in A causes the change in B.
C) Since no correlation between A and B is found, you assume that there is no causal relationship between A and B.
D) Since only a contingency between A and B is established, you assume that there is no causal connection between A and B.
Answer: A
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Which of the following groups benefits from the Head Start and Early Head Start federal programs?
a. Unemployed workers b. Children under age five c. Undocumented immigrants d. Retired workers
Political refugees can be legally admitted to the United States
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
According to a poll result in your textbook, the media are perceived to be
a. independent and unbiased. b. fairly biased based on the responses of 60 percent. c. fairly unbiased based on the responses of 85 percent. d. controlled by the government. e. not serious enough in their reporting on elections.
Participatory journalism
a. refers to the increasing number of journalists who are elected to governmental positions in the world's democracies. b. has been encouraged with the rise and spread of YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook. c. was not used during the Arab Spring protests. d. is also known as "state media" and is used by authoritarian governments to make government control of media look less authoritarian.