What is the third-variable problem in reference to correlational studies?
A) Third variables act causally on some other variables, but not on all other variables.
B) Each variable in a correlation exerts a causal influence on the other.
C) A causal relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the correlation between two variables.
D) Correlations can be caused only by another (third) variable.
C) A causal relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the correlation between two variables.
You might also like to view...
What is an advantage of observational learning?
A. It synchronizes behaviors B. It transmits information across generations C. It provides rapid adaptation D. It creates imprinting
An anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague, but intense, fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance is ______ disorder
a. phobic c. obsessive-compulsive b. panic d. generalized anxiety
On Laurel's 16th birthday, her parents gave her a new car and a Republican bumper sticker. Laurel was happy to accept the car, but didn't want to display the bumper sticker
She had begun to read and think about different political parties and, although she hadn't yet decided which political party she supported, she didn't want to be a Republican just because her parents were. In terms of her political beliefs, Laurel appears to be in Marcia's __________ identity status. a. diffusion c. moratorium b. achievement d. foreclosure
In one study, participants undergoing positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans were asked to recall events that made them feel sad, or events that made them feel happy. What did the results of such studies show?
The two emotions produced different patterns of activation in the same areas of the brain. Happiness showed a decrease in activity in certain areas of the cerebral cortex, whereas sadness showed increases in activity in particular portions of the cortex. Happiness showed an increase in activity in certain areas of the cerebellum and brain stem, whereas sadness showed decreases in activity in particular portions of the brain stem alone. The two emotions produced similar levels of activity in the same areas of the brain.