How do young children first view themselves? How are self-views related to childhood fears?
What will be an ideal response?
Young children develop an awareness of self almost as soon as they can speak. Initially, children describe themselves in categorical terms. This means that they describe categories that they belong to, such as "boy" or "child." During the early years of self-development, children also begin to develop a sense of self-worth. Typically, these feelings center on cognitive and physical competence, and social acceptance by peers and family. As children get older, aspects of their personality (traits) become more important to them. For example, they may describe themselves as "honest" or "caring." An awareness of self precipitates some fears. The more aware a child is of himself or herself in relation to a larger world, the more there is to fear about that world. Erikson described the period of early childhood social development as one of "initiative versus guilt." As the child further defines the self, they move increasingly into the world and take initiative in learning how to do new things.
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According to the introductory discussion on the abuse of women,
a. the term "abuse of women" applies only to physical abuse rather than psychological abuse. b. there are no data to indicate that women may abuse their male partners. c. men abuse their female partners more severely than women abuse their male partners. d. there are no data to indicate that lesbian women abuse their female partners.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. All people with high self-esteem are narcissists b. All people with low self-esteem are narcissists c. All narcissists are people with low self-esteem d. All narcissists are people with high self-esteem
With regard to gender stereotypes in the 1990s vs. today,
a. more males now view themselves as having no communality traits. b. more women now view themselves as having more agentic traits. c. more boys who reject communality traits are developing homosexual or bisexual orientations. d. more girls who reject agentic traits are experiencing teen pregnancy.
Which pseudopsychology was popularized by Franz Gall in the nineteenth century?
a. palmistry. b. phrenology. c. graphology. d. astrology.