The older client with a chronic respiratory problem tells the nurse that she doesn't need the pneumococcal vaccination because she has already had a flu shot this year. What is this nurse's best response?
A. "You are right. A major risk factor for getting pneumonia is infection with in-fluenza."
B. "That's great. Now you are fully protected against infectious respiratory problems for this year."
C. "The flu shot protects you against some viruses that cause influenza but does not protect you against bacteria that cause pneumonia. You need both types of shots."
D. "Although you have some protection, it would still be best to get the pneumo-coccal vaccination so you would be less like to be a carrier and infect other people."
C
Although influenza can lead to pneumonia, and preventing influenza with a "flu shot" reduces the risk for a secondary pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia can be acquired without influenza as a precipitating event and can be life threatening.
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Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care?
A) Nursing research B) Managed care C) Outcome criteria D) Scientific inquiry