Define the terms scales, indexes, and tests and explain how they are used with an example
What will be an ideal response?
A scale is usually developed to measure an abstract concept like an attitude—say, satisfaction—that might be important in a research study or an opinion poll. A test is typically developed to assess knowledge or skill. Finally, indexes are typically used to assess behaviors of people, organizations, or processes, and they often combine different quantitative variables into a single score. In their simplest manifestation, indexes are basically descriptive metrics. For instance, a daily count of the number of people who visit an emergency room each day can be considered an index. In more complex cases, the variables pooled together in an index often include different types of constructs, each of which might be measured in a different way.
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Which type of psychotherapy is an insight therapy whose strength is the productive use of conflict?
a. existential b. Gestalt c. brief psychodynamic d. cognitive
Regarding the technology used to study the brain, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Both PET scans and functional MRIs provide images of activity throughout the brain. b. Experimentally, fMRI images have been used to tell if a person is lying. c. PET and fMRI brain scans show that most people use only 10 percent of their brain capacity. d. Researchers are creating digital three-dimensional brain maps that show both brain structures and their accompanying psychological functions.
Which of the following variations of Milgram's (1963) original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?
a. When another (confederate) participant refuses to continue, participants obey less. b. When the participants are in the same room as the learner, they obey less. c. Older participants are less likely to obey than are younger participants. d. Participants are less likely to obey when they believe that the learner will have a chance to "teach" them later.
Multisystemic therapy
a) focuses solely on the conduct disordered child. b) is based upon intervention in ecologically valid settings such as home, school or peer group. c) is a combination of medication and individual therapy. d) is multifaceted in the sense that multiple approaches to family intervention are applied.