Ripich (1997) discusses three phases of the HIV continuum. Which phase encompasses the clinical phenomena of anger and changes in physical appearance related to HIV?
A) Prediagnosis
B) Early
C) Middle
D) Late
Ans: C
Clinical phenomena of the middle phase of HIV/AIDS encompasses a sense of isolation, low self-esteem, changes in physical appearance, depression, and anger. The early phase consists of denial, shock, shame, and disappointment. The late phase consists of ambivalence about dying alone, desire to complete a life-review process, and resolution regarding death in the form of acceptance or passive resignation. There is no prediagnosis phase according to Ripich (1997).
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