One of the non-pharmacological interventions used to treat Violet's anxiety was massage. Describe the proposed underlying physiological mechanism(s) for the relaxing effect of massage

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Suggested response: Although research evidence is limited regarding the underlying beneficial physiological mechanisms for the effect of massage, the proposed theory comprises two main physiol ogical responses. Massage causes physiological changes by the initiation of relaxation (reduced parasympathetic activity) and mechanical response (reduction in muscle tension). Pleasant touch produces an involuntary reduction in parasympathetic activity and associated stress hormones, for example cortisol (although it is still unclear whether this is the mechanism responsible for the increased feelings of wellbeing associated with massage because some studies do not demonstrate a reduction in plasma cortisol level3). Simultaneously, levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine increase, which is the underlying mechanism believed to be responsible for the general feeling of wellbeing many people get after massage.4 The mechanical response related to the relaxation of the massaged muscles is thought to be due to the effect of the direct pressure in the muscle though this is not clearly elucidated either.5 There is a paucity of evidence about the exact mechanism responsible for the improvement in mood and anxiolysis; however, it has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety in a number of healthcare settings including ICU.6–8