In a simple experiment, Galvani disproved the hydraulic nerve-muscle model proposed by Descartes. Galvani removed a nerve and its attached muscle fibers from a frog and showed that ________ of the nerve caused ________ of the muscle
a. electrical stimulation; relaxation
b. electrical stimulation; contraction
c. chemical stimulation; contraction
d. pressurization; relaxation
e. chemical stimulation; relaxation
Answer: b. electrical stimulation; contraction
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What sort of business was at the center of what became known as the "Hawthorne effect?"
a. a construction company that built private and public housing b. a hospital where patients were waiting a long time to get medical care c. a plant that manufactured telephones and central office equipment d. a factory that was among the earliest to employ the assembly line
What can your records of the ABC's of your target behavior show you?
a. Your reaction to self-recording. b. What can be changed to modify your behavior. c. How much willpower you have. d. How much self-modification you need.
Howard had a substance abuse problem, and he went to a rehabilitation center to overcome cocaine addiction. While in the dining room, he had a panic attack. Now out of rehab, he occasionally experiences symptoms of panic when he enters restaurants that have tables arranged like those in the dining room at the rehab center. Which one of the following statements best explains why?
A. Because he was addicted to a drug, Howard now sees the world as unpredictable and dangerous. B. Cocaine affected the neurotransmitters in Howard's brain so he can no longer control his fear response. C. The panic symptoms he experienced in the dining room were reinforced during his stay in the rehab center. D. The arrangement of the tables in the dining room is now a conditioned stimulus that evokes a panic response.
Depressant drugs, such as alcohol, lower activity in the ______
a. reticular activating system c. cochlea b. amygdala d. optic chiasm