The U.S. Constitution declares that the Constitution is supreme law. The reality of this pronouncement can be quite complicated. But in theory, what impact does this have on state-level courts?
a. The federal courts have full authority over the state criminal and civil laws, as well as the state courts.
b. All decisions by the state courts must be reviewed by the federal courts.
c. This is actually a common law statement from the 1700s that now has no meaning.
d. State courts must comply with pronouncements from the U.S. Supreme Court over the meaning of the federal Constitution.
e. All state courts are subordinate to the federal court system and Congress.
ANS: D
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