According to John Gottman, which mode of ineffective communication includes insults, name-calling, and hostile humor? What is the effect of this kind of communication on a relationship?
What will be an ideal response?
Contempt is the intention to insult and psychologically abuse someone. People may use both words and nonverbal communication to lodge insults right at a partner's sense of self. Partners may fuel these cruel actions with negative thoughts about their partner (e.g., their partner is incompetent, stupid, or incapable of change). When this happens, the memory of how the couple fell in love fades dramatically. As a consequence, compliments, admiration, loving exclamations, and affection are withheld and the focal point of the relationship becomes abusiveness. In fact, this relational amnesia results in not even being able to remember a single positive attribute or act that the partner possesses or has done. Signs of contempt in a relationship are fairly easy to recognize and can include: insults and name-calling; hostile humor; mockery; body language that includes rolling the eyes, sneering, curling the upper lip, among other things.
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