Compare and contrast the caliphates of the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Córdoba
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. Similarities: Islam was the official religion. Arabic was the dominant language. Mosques functioned as the center of Islamic community life. Christianity and Judaism were tolerated.
b. All three were influenced by foreign cultures to varying degrees.
c. All three played vital roles in the preservation and transmission of classical and Arabic scholarship.
d. While they all held that the caliphate should be a hereditary institution, they disagreed on whether it should be limited to the descendants of Muhammad. The Abbasids claimed descent through Muhammad's uncle, but the Umayyads (who also controlled the caliphate in Córdoba) had no ties of kinship to Muhammad.
e. While Mecca was the religious center of all three, the political centers were different. The Umayyads made Damascus their capital. The Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad. Córdoba was the center of Muslim Spain.
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