The nurse is assessing an older patient's musculoskeletal status. What should the nurse consider as normal findings for this patient?
Select all that apply.
1. decreased bone mass and minerals
2. increased calcium reabsorption
3. atrophied muscle fibers
4. elongated vertebrae
5. decreased range of motion
Correct Answer: 1, 3, 5
With aging, decreased bone mass, minerals, and calcium absorption contribute to bones that are thinner and weaker. Muscle fibers atrophy, leading to loss of muscle mass, strength, and agility. The vertebrae shorten and height decreases. Range of motion declines as cartilage on bone surfaces in joints deteriorates, making movement more painful.
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