Which of the following scientists is considered to be the “Father of Chemotherapy”?

A) Alexander Fleming
B) Paul Ehrlich
C) Selman Waksman
D) Sir Howard Walter Florey


B) Paul Ehrlich

Biology & Microbiology

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Many seeds are capable of surviving in a dormant or quiescent state for many years, or even centuries. Such seeds are not usually damaged by environmental extremes that would kill most other organisms

What main adaptation prevents the seeds from germinating before they are dispersed, and allows them to survive until environmental conditions are favorable for germination and seedling growth? A) A seed coat B) Two cotyledons C) A large quantity of stored nutrients D) Desiccation to 2-20 percent water E) Double fertilization

Biology & Microbiology

In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, glucose is reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the kidney by members of the GLUT transporter family, which form an aqueous pore across the membrane through which glucose can move passively. As a result, no glucose is excreted in urine. However, in people with untreated diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high and glucose is often present in the

urine. What can explain this occurrence? A. High blood glucose levels reverse the concentration gradient, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. B. High blood glucose levels interfere with the coupled transport of water and glucose, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. C. The GLUT transporters become saturated, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. D. The GLUT transporters cannot hydrolyze ATP quickly enough for ATP to transport the extra glucose, thereby allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine.

Biology & Microbiology

Compared to the first big syphilis epidemic several hundred years ago in Europe, the strains of Treponema pallidum that cause syphilis today

A. tend to be more virulent. B. tend to be less virulent. C. are about equally virulent. D. cannot be compared.

Biology & Microbiology

Assume that a given plasmid vector to be used in a cloning experiment contains 4000 base pairs of DNA

Assume also that the restriction endonuclease Cuj cuts this plasmid at the following sites (starting from an arbitrary zero point): 1000, 1500, and 3000. Given complete digestion of the plasmid with the endonuclease so that only linear fragments are produced, what sizes of DNA are expected?

Biology & Microbiology