A family member expresses concern to the nurse about behavioral changes in an elderly client. What information would cause the nurse to suspect a dementia disorder?
1. Decreased enjoyment of activities that were once enjoyable
2. Problems with preparing a meal or balancing a checkbook
3. Increased complaints of physical ailments
4. Sudden disturbed sleep–wake cycle
2
Rationale: Activities of daily life and calculation efforts are difficult for someone with dementia. Decreased enjoyment of once pleasurable activities is anhedonia, a symptom of depression. Sudden onset of a disturbed sleep–wake cycle is indicative of delirium. Increased complaints of physical ailments may be the expression of somatic symptomatology.
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When listening to heart sounds, the nurse knows that the S1:
a. Is louder than the S2 at the base of the heart. b. Indicates the beginning of diastole. c. Coincides with the carotid artery pulse. d. Is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves.
The nurse working in the PACU recognizes that the most common surgical procedure for liver cancer is:
A) Cryosurgery B) Liver transplantation C) Lobectomy D) Laser hyperthermia
When membranes are ruptured, the fluid is green in color. The nurse knows that this meconium-stained fluid must be reported because at delivery
a. the baby will need prophylactic antibiotics b. the mother will need prophylactic antibiotics c. the baby will need double the amount of eye ointment d. the baby will need suctioning prior to the delivery of the shoulders
The nurse is assessing a client who presents with symptoms that are suspicious for type 2 diabetes. During the discussion of the past medical history, which past diagnosis should the nurse recognize as a potential risk factor?
A) Gestational diabetes 7 years ago B) Hypertension C) Yo-yo dieting with weight fluctuations D) A great-grandparent with diabetes