When the state assumes responsibility for punishing wrongdoers, rather than leaving this up to individuals, this is best characterized as ______.

a. the classical approach
b. a hedonistic calculus
c. penology
d. controlled vengeance


d. controlled vengeance

Criminal Justice

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An alert to contraband by a well-trained and dependable dog establishes probable cause to search.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

The _____ witness evaluates evidence that the court lacks the expertise to do

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Research by Bennett and Wright (1984 ) found that

A) almost all burglaries are planned. B) burglars generally have an irresistible or constant urge to steal or burglarize. C) dogs and burglar alarms did not influence the decision to burglarize a residential property. D) increased police patrols were major deterrents in decisions to burglarize.

Criminal Justice

Whether Hank has been seized or not is determined by the standard of:

a. the perception of the officer. b. a reasonable person. c. the perception of the suspect. d. the court.

Criminal Justice