Many scholars use which of the following as a general definition of public opinion?
a. the official results of an election
b. the summation of individual opinions on any particular topic or issue
c. the results of a Gallup opinion poll
d. the views of elected officials as to the direction of the nation
e. the collective political preferences of the majority of citizens
ANS: B
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Which of the following actions gives the president an advantage over Congress in promoting policy?
(A) Using the franking privilege (B) Impounding funding for projects of which the president disapproves (C) Invoking senatorial courtesy (D) Utilizing the media through the bully pulpit (E) Invoking the power to end a filibuster
Why were steam engine trains critical to the industrial revolution?
What will be an ideal response?
Prior to civil service reform, bureaucrats were chosen using the spoils system, which meant that the people who got federal jobs were __________.
A. those who scored highest on aptitude tests B. those who did not affiliate with a political party C. those who previously held elected office D. those who helped candidates win election
Which of the following is an example of a nonfiscal policy?
a. welfare spending b. education spending c. healthcare insurance d. tort reform