What is the biggest difference between bottom-up processing and top-down processing?
A. Bottom-up processing requires physical stimuli; top-down processing does not.
B. Bottom-up processing is primarily neurological; top-down processing is primarily psychological.
C. Top-down processing requires prior experience; bottom-up processing does not.
D. Top-down processing is more advanced; it builds on the more basic bottom-up processing.
Answer: C
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Suppose that you read a study in which 5,000 male workers and 5,000 female workers are asked about the number of days of work they missed last year. Imagine that males miss an average of 7.2 days and females miss an average of 7.3 days, and the difference is statistically significant. What would be an important criticism of this study?
a. Statistical significance is not important when we are considering such large sample sizes. b. The difference probably has no practical significance. c. The sample was probably not large enough. d. The study was probably very carefully conducted, because those two means are so similar.
Nadine is watching a movie, and as the star of the movie dies at the end, Nadine feels extremely sad. This reaction is part of the:
a. physiological response in Nadine's emotional experience b. expressive reaction in Nadine's emotional experience c. subjective experience of Nadine's emotional experience d. objective appraisal of Nadine's emotional experience
The process by which children learn the abilities, interests, and behaviors associated with being masculine or feminine in their culture is called ________
a. gender typing. b. gender identity formation. c. gender schema development. d. learned gender differences.
During the diffusion phase of identity status, a person's identity is determined by adults rather than by personal exploration.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)