Reinforcement is most effective
a. if it is delayed.
b. when it is immediate.
c. when it is delivered randomly.
d. when it follows a long chain of responses.
ANSWER: b
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The psychological consequences of physical development are likely most profound
a. in infancy. c. in middle childhood. b. in early childhood. d. in adolescence
A fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement involves
A) giving reinforcement after a varied amount of time has elapsed. B) giving reinforcement after a specific amount of time has elapsed C) giving reinforcement after a specific number of responses has occurred. D) giving reinforcement after a varied number of responses has occurred.
Hoyt, a gender-schematic child, encounters a doll. His gender-salience filter will __________ in determining whether he should play with the doll
A) make gender highly relevant B) make gender irrelevant C) consider gender neutral D) make gender somewhat relevant
During the preoperational stage, the child begins to play "make believe," use language, and think about problems. These behaviors indicate the child is capable of
a) egocentrism. b) conservation. c) object permanence. d) symbolic representation.