In sinus arrhythmia, a gradual increasing of the heart rate is usually associated with _____
a. expiration
b. inspiration
c. excessive caffeine intake
d. early signs of heart failure
B
Sinus arrhythmia that is associated with the phases of breathing and changes in intrathoracic pressure is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The rhythm is irregular; the heart rate increases gradually during inspiration (R-R intervals shorten) and decreases with expiration (R-R intervals lengthen).
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