Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been associated with a significant number of different genes, therefore showing it to be genetically heterogenic
One recent study in 278 families found evidence of two such possible loci. Evidence for linkage to chromosome 18q11 was presented by Gao et al. in 2009. Which of the following would be considered reputable evidence for this? A) lack of quantitative difference for the occurrence of both loci in individuals
B) use of persons from multiple ethnic and geographic backgrounds in the study
C) finding the locus to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population
D) finding the lod score for association between the chromosomal location and PD to be 4.1
E) analysis of all other possible SNPs with no such association to chromosome 18
D
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Consider the cladogram shown. Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?
A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 6 and 4
E. 6 and 5
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· What type of thinking is required?
· What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
· What do you already know about cladistics?
Consider Possibilities
· What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
· Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galapagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galapagos, this would have been an example of
A) genetic drift. B) bottleneck effect. C) founder?s effect. D) all three of these E) both A and C
Which sentence best describes the relationship between sporophyte and gametophyte in the moss life cycle?
a. Gametophytes originate within and are dependent upon sporophytes. b. Gametophytes are photosynthetic and partially independent from the sporophytes. c. Both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant. d. Sporophytes originate within and are dependent upon gametophytes.
Vaccination has been proven to be linked to autism.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.