Research on friendship by Brett Laursen has indicated a number of findings. First, friendship
may serve different functions.
What two purposes dofriendships serve that continue across the
life-span? Second, Laursen found that friends may beinfluenced by each other due to selection
and socialization variables. What are selection and socialization variables? When are they
important?
What will be an ideal response?
The two purposes:
1. a buffer against loneliness
2. protection against being a victim or being bullied.
Similarity variables – we pick friends who are similar to use or do activities we enjoy. These are
important for girls in choosing friendsinterested in sexual activity.
Socialization variables – what is the extent to which having certain friends changes our behavior. This
is important in alcohol use. Selection may determine which friends we choose, i.e., alcohol users, but
socialization determines how much and how frequentlyalcohol is used. Selection and socialization
can interact. One example is anti-social behavior. Deviant children select other children who are
antisocial; the types of antisocial behaviors are determined by the peer group.
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Which comment of praise is most likely to increase a child's test performance?
a. "You're so organized.". b. "You are so smart." c. "How clever." d. "You worked so hard."
Trina's parents give her complete freedom while she is growing up, rarely disciplining her. Her parents' parenting style would most likely be called ____, and Trina is likely ____ as a young girl.?
a. ?authoritarian; distrustful b. ?authoritative; friendly c. ?permissive; dependent d. ?permissive; self-reliant
In 2015, a photo of a dress became an Internet sensation because people could not agree if it was blue/black or white/gold. This episode illustrates which important point?
A) People adopting a liberal decision criterion tend to better perceive warmer colours. B) Difference thresholds vary from individual to individual. C) Colour easily can be manipulated using computer software to create illusions. D) Colour is not an inherent property of an object.
Who is credited as the first to discover the processes of sublimation, repression, and resistance?
a. ?Herbart b. ?Leibniz c. ?Schopenhauer d. ?Freud