Select the true statement aobut HIV and the immune process.
A. Patients become susceptible to multiple infections such as candidiasis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis.
B. HIV attacks lymphocytes so that the human host is progressively immunosuppressed and cannot fight disease.
C. A deterioration of cell-mediated immunity permits patients to develop secondary cancers.
D. All of these are correct.
Answer: D
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A condition that can cause secondary brain injury and be particularly detrimental to a head-injured patient is
A) hypocarbia. B) hypotension. C) hyperoxemia. D) tachypnea.
In the ICU, a patient has been diagnosed with sepsis due to a bacterial invasion
The human body usually responds to infections by developing an uncontrolled inflammatory response with large production and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-a. The nurse will note which of the following clinical manifestations in this septic patient as a result of the activation of these cytokines? Select all that apply. A) Excessive interstitial edema related to increased vascular permeability B) Decreased cardiac output resulting from myocardial depression C) Increased respiratory rate with crackles heard throughout all lung fields D) Excessive bleeding from bowels and bladder E) Lower blood pressure due to intravascular fluid loss
You are the nurse caring for an elderly Asian-American patient who speaks little English. How would you assess this patient's pain?
A) Make a chart with English on one side and the patient's native language on the other. B) Use the regular 0-to-10 pain scale. C) Base your assessment on objective, physiological data. D) Have a translator come in every time you assess the patient, so you can document what the patient said.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department for treatment of a possible opioid overdose. Rank the nursing activities in the correct order from first activity to last activity. (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A, B, C, D, E])
a. Initiate IV access. b. Take a health history. c. Obtain a toxicology screen. d. Administer naloxone (Narcan). e. Provide respiratory support with a bag-valve mask.