What was the term Tolman (1948) coined to refer to learning that occurs in the absence of any reinforcement?
a. Latent learning
b. Learning by savings
c. Gestalt learning
d. Associative learning
Answer: a. Latent learning
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In the study by Kobayashi-Winata and Power (1991), were there any differences in the childrearing techniques of middle-class parents from Japan and America?
a. In both cases, parents used high amounts of punishment. b. Japanese parents were higher in control and lower in warmth. c. American parents were low in control and low in warmth. d. American parents relied on external punishments, such as sending a child to his/her room, whereas Japaneseparents used more verbal comments, explanations and reprimands.
Nonlearned reinforcers that usually satisfy physiological needs are known as
a. natural feedback. b. token reinforcers. c. primary reinforcers. d. secondary reinforcers.
As an overview summary of attachment style, this slogan applies with general accuracy:
a. "Attachment history is destiny and cannot be changed.". b. "Good outcomes are associated with secure attachment.". c. "Attachment changes on a daily basis.". d. "Human attachment is just like ducks' imprinting.".
__________ is the leading cause of death in the United States
a. Coronary heart disease c. Cancer b. HIV d. Trauma