Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions, and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs
What will be an ideal response?
According to Gilbert and Malone, we first identify a behavior and then make the initial
assumption that it is caused by the actor's disposition. We then seek more information
about the situational influences on the actor's behavior and adjust our attribution
accordingly. Naturally, the latter step is the more difficult and effortful one. The
fundamental attribution error (the tendency to overattribute another person's behavior
to disposition) occurs when we do not adjust adequately. This may occur because we
do not have the adequate amount of cognitive resources to complete the second step
properly. When people have the time and motivation to make accurate judgments, they
are more likely to take account of situational constraints, and thus less likely to make
the fundamental attribution error.
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Oscar found a pack of cigarettes and was smoking them behind the school. His only crime is that he's 17 and not old enough to be in possession of tobacco. This is an example of _____
a. Vindictiveness b. A status offense c. Avolition d. A paradoxical effect
In an experiment, the presence of dependent variables does not depend on the independent variables
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Courtney suffered a very serious dog bite when she was a small child, and she still recoils in fear from her friends' dogs. It is likely that for Courtney, dogs now serve as a. unconditioned responses. b. unconditioned stimuli c. conditioned responses
d. conditioned stimuli.
According to McGrath's (1982) "three-horned dilemma," research varies on all of the following dimensions EXCEPT:
A) generalizability to operations B) generalizability to situations C) generalizability to people D) precision