A 66-year-old retired professional basketball player is admitted to the hospital for a total knee replacement due to osteoarthritis
In preparing preoperative teaching for this patient, the nurse includes which theory of aging to help him understand how the disease has progressed?
a. Free radical theory
b. Wear-and-tear theory
c. Gene theory
d. Cross-link theory
ANS: B
Osteoarthritis is characteristic of degeneration that results from joint usage. This disease is a good example of the wear-and-tear theory; repeatedly injuring one organ or body system, such as oc-curs during playing sports, may result in premature aging and diseases such as osteoarthritis. The free radical theory states that cell damage is a result of the accumulation of oxygen radicals. The gene theory states that genes govern cellular mortality. The cross-link theory is related to the ac-cumulation of cross-linked proteins, which may cause disease.
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Which nursing action provides the most reliable means to assess placement of a client's nasogastric tube, prior to each medication administration?
A) Using auscultation technique B) Measure pH of aspirates C) Place end of tube in water and observe for bubbling D) Radiographic confirmation
Children receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy are most at risk for
a. Hypotension b. Dilation of blood vessels in the cheeks c. Growth delays d. Decreased appetite and weight loss
A manager is concerned with the number of medication errors occurring on their unit. The manager determines that these errors represent latent errors when an investigation reveals that
a. many nurses are not using two different forms of patient identification. b. nurses do not take the time to have high-risk medications double checked. c. the medication bar codes are often unreadable by the computer scanner. d. to save time, nurses gather all their patients' medications at one time.
Which of the following is an accurate step when removing a nasogastric tube?
A) Place the patient in a protective supine position. B) Before removing the tube, discontinue suction and separate the tube from suction. C) Attach a syringe and flush with 30 mL of water or normal saline solution. D) Quickly and carefully remove tube while the patient breathes out.