What is the pH difference (?pH) across a membrane at 310 K if the membrane potential is -0.15 V and the overall Gibb's free energy change across the membrane is -19 .0 kJ mol-1? (R = 8.315 J K-1 mol-1; F = 96,485 J V-1 mol-1)

A) 5.44
B) 2.3
C) 0.74
D) 1.4


C) 0.74

Biology & Microbiology

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Because of hydrogen bonding, water is uniquely suited for its central role in life. Many hydrophilic molecules interact freely with water, but there are a number of hydrophobic molecules important for life, too

How does the interaction between water and hydrophobic molecules help to organize biological systems? A. Because cells are not pure water (they have many substances dissolved within them), the hydrophilic/hydrophobic effect has little role in biological organization. B. The ionic bonds between water cause hydrophobic molecules to associate with one another and not with water molecules. C. Because water molecules preferentially associate with one another, they force hydrophobic molecules to associate with one another and not with water molecules. D. None of the above

Biology & Microbiology

Four of the five answers listed below are effects of acid rain. Select the exception

a. attacks marble, metals, mortar, and nylons b. causes air inversion and pollution events c. makes toxic heavy metals more mobile d. has different effects in different watersheds e. produces sterile lakes

Biology & Microbiology

Originally, HIV was thought to be restricted to transmission during homosexual contact between gay men. List other ways in which HIV is currently known to be transmitted

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

The process by which an original species is transformed into a new species over an extended period of time that spans many generations is known as __________

A) anagenesis B) cladogenesis C) morphogenesis D) neogenesis E) founder effect

Biology & Microbiology