How does the nephron and associated hormones respond to low blood calcium levels?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Low blood calcium levels cause the parathyroid gland to release parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone acts on distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct, causing the insertion of calcium channels in the membrane, and increasing reabsorption of calcium so less is lost in the urine. Parathyroid hormone also induces the kidney to convert vitamin D to its active form, increasing calcium reabsorption by the intestine.
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Which of the following does not contribute to defense of the respiratory system?
a. coughs and sneezes b. cilia-propelled mucus escalator c. alveolar macrophages d. normal microbial population of the lungs e. IgA antibodies
In humans, somatic cells have ________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ________.
A. 46; 69 B. 92; 23 C. 46; 23 D. 92; 46 E. 23; 46
Damage to the tectorial membrane near the oval window would limit an individual's ability to detect high frequency sounds.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________
A) long; short B) short; long C) long; long D) short; short