The nurse is caring for a patient with venous congestion. Which of the following organs will all of the blood from the gastrointestinal organs flow before returning to the heart for oxygenation?
1. liver
2. stomach
3. pancreas
4. gall bladder
1
Rationale: The venous blood draining from the gastrointestinal organs does not flow directly into the inferior vena cava to return to the heart. Instead, blood that supplies both mesenteric arteries and the celiac artery flows through the hepatic portal system before moving into the vena cava. The hepatic portal system causes blood to shift between capillary beds within the system, such that all blood flows into the liver before moving into the general circulation. This is important because the liver is responsible for regulating and storing nutrients, and handling waste products and toxins that come into the system via the other gastrointestinal organs. The blood does not flow through the stomach, pancreas, or gall bladder before returning to the heart.
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