The nurse is conducting a prenatal class to expectant parents and is asked how children grow. When explaining growth and development to the expectant parents, which descriptions are appropriate for the nurse to use in the response?
Select all that apply.
1. Cephalocaudal direction.
2. Simple to complex.
3. Distal to proximal direction.
4. Generalized response to specific response.
5. Anterior to posterior.
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4
Growth and development (G and D) occurs in a cephalocaudal direction; from head to toe. G and D proceeds from simple to complex; an infant will reach out for an object before actually being able to grasp the object. G and D progresses from general to specific responses; an infant responds to stimuli with the entire body, and older child will respond more specifically, for example with a smile. G and D does not proceed from distal to proximal but rather from proximal to distal; i.e., from the center of the body outward. Anterior to posterior does not describe a pattern of normal growth and development.
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