Mutations in different types of aquaporin proteins lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, such as diabetes
insipidus, epileptic seizures and cataracts. What best explains the differences in the conditions caused by these mutations?
a. Different types of aquaporin proteins allow different rates of water diffusion.
b. Different aquaporin proteins are localized to different membranes in the cell.
c. Different types of aquaporin proteins are produced in different cell types.
a. Different types of aquaporin proteins allow different rates of water diffusion.
b. Different aquaporin proteins are localized to different membranes in the cell.
c. Different types of aquaporin proteins are produced in different cell types.
ANSWER: c
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C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants, so why do most
plants lack the C4 pathway?
a. Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco C4 and CAM plants. b. Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants. c. Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2 taken in during the night. d. There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments. e. Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants.
In a person with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR mutation causes the protein to be ____
a. embedded in the plasma membrane b. destroyed in the endoplasmic reticulum c. shuttled to the nuclear membrane instead of the plasma membrane d. shuttled to the plasma membrane instead of the nuclear membrane e. expelled from the cell by exocytosis before it can do its job
Hemophilia A
a. is rare in the human population. b. is more common among men. c. was common in the descendents of Queen Victoria. d. is an X-linked recessive trait. e. is all of these.
Imagine that a new population of humans is established on a previously uninhabited planet from ten randomly selected people in your biology class. Over thousands of years, the descendants of those ten people reproduce and prosper, but they do not reflect well the diversity of humans on Earth. This reduction in genetic diversity in the establishment of the population is an example of _____
A. gene flow B. genetic drift C. the bottleneck effect D. the founder effect