Differentiate the similarity-leniency hypothesis from the black sheep effect.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers may vary.A common attorney strategy is based on the assumption that jurors who are demographically or socially similar to a litigant will be predisposed to favor that litigant, a belief known as the similarity-leniency hypothesis. Does this rule of thumb hold true? Are jurors more likely to favor litigants with whom they share certain characteristics? One could make the opposite prediction in some cases-that sharing similar qualities with another might make a juror more skeptical of that person's excuses or justifications for behavior that the juror dislikes. Here, the so-called black sheep effect may apply: Although people generally favor individuals who are part of their in-group, they may sometimes strongly sanction those fellow members who reflect negatively on and embarrass the in-group.
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Several studies have found an elevated incidence of schizophrenia among individuals whose mothers
a. were exposed to influenza during the second trimester of their pregnancy. b. were exposed to high levels of stress during the second trimester of their pregnancy. c. drank heavily during the second trimester of their pregnancy. d. took narcotic drugs during the second trimester of their pregnancy.
Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child
A) artificialism B) cognitive scaffolding C) proximal development D) animism
According to Freud's landmark book, The Interpretation of Dreams, dreams are very often a means of
a. wish fulfillment. b. recording and solving daytime problems. c. telling oneself about feelings that need to be "re-owned.". d. categorizing one's experience.
Nevaeh takes lithium to control symptoms of her mental disorder. Nevaeh is most likely suffering from __________.
A. schizophrenia B. bipolar disorder C. social phobia D. generalized anxiety disorder