Which of the following occurs as the body's sympathetic nervous system responds to falling blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)
a. Blood is shunted away from the skin, kidneys, and intestines.
b. Vasodilation leads to increased fluid loss.
c. Blood glucose levels increase.
d. Sodium and water are retained.
e. Less oxygen is delivered to tissues.
f. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla.
ANS: A, C, D, F
A. As a compensatory mechanism (fight or flight), blood is shunted away from the skin, kidneys, and intestines to supply the major organs. C. Blood glucose levels increase for energy. D. Sodium and water are retained to ensure adequate fluid volume. F. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla to stimulate increased cardiac output. B, E. Vasoconstriction occurs, and the goal is to increase oxygen delivered to the tissues.
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a. Ask the provider to clarify the dose and the concentration. b. Draw up the dose and give it as a rapid intravenous bolus. c. Give the dose as a slow intravenous bolus and monitor vital signs. d. Request an order to give the dose via endotracheal tube.
Which of the following is a reason the current nurse shortage is considered very serious? (Select all that apply.)
a. Current RNs are aging. b. Enrollment in nursing programs is not increasing. c. Additional nurses are pursuing graduate education. d. An increasing number of nurses are specializing. e. There has not been an increase in salaries. f. Many nurses are entering the military causing a shortage in civilian hospitals.
Where are Kupffer cells located?
a. Kidneys b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Spleen
2°C converted to Fahrenheit is ________ (round to the nearest tenth).
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).