Describe how a second factor can be used to reduce the variance in a between-subjects experiment
What will be an ideal response?
In a between-subjects experiment, the participants in each treatment condition usually differ on a wide variety of characteristics such as age, gender, IQ, and personality. These differences can cause the scores to vary widely from one individual to another, which produces large variance. Using one of these characteristics, for example gender, as a second factor will divide the participants in each treatment condition into separate groups, and the individuals in each group will be more homogeneous. For example, one group will contain only males and the other group will have only females. Because the individual differences are reduced in each group, there should be less variance for the scores within each group.
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