In terms of assessing formal operational thought, researchers have created dilemmas or social
problems that are highly relevant (Example, What should you do if you were not invited to a
party?), or not relevant (Example, How best do you avoid a
tax audit?). When working with
children and adolescents, what is one common finding from such research?
A) Younger adolescents (e.g., 6th graders) frequently show limited formal operational
thought in both domains, whereas the older adolescents (e.g., 12th graders) display
formal thinking primarily in the relevant task.
B) Younger and older adolescents show formal operational thought in the relevant task, but
not in the non-relevant task.
C) Younger adolescents display formal operational thought in the relevant task; older
adolescents display such thought across both tasks.
D) Even the youngest adolescents show formal operational thought across both tasks.
A
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Which of the following personality characteristics tends to decline as a person ages?
a. agreeableness b. extraversion c. openness to experience d. neuroticism
What does Ainsworth's research suggest is highly correlated to the type of intimate relationship that you form in your adulthood?
a. The level of praise and encouragement you received as a child b. Whether or not your parents were divorced when you were a child c. Whether or not you developed a positive love role repertoire as a child d. The type of attachment you formed as a child
If the effects of reinforcement, extinction, and punishment occur in some situations but not in others, the effects are said to be:
a. generalized b. situation-specific c. isolated d. intermittent
The broad outlines of the human growth sequence are virtually universal. This fact is evidence of the effect of which of the following on development?
a. heredity b. temperament c. environment d. motor primacy