We know that that there are over 50 major phyla in Bacteria; however, only about 25 of these phyla have cultured representatives. Why is this?
How are scientists attempting to culture representative from the 25 phyla that do not currently have any organisms in culture?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: We know that more phyla of Bacteria exist than what is represented in culture because of culture-independent techniques that rely on nucleic acid to detect and classify microbes. Scientists are trying to culture these organisms by using metagenomic sequencing and genome sequencing of single cells to find out what genes the uncultured organisms possess (or lack) so that they can design the appropriate culture conditions for the uncultured organisms. High throughput methods that sort single cells using robots, 96 well plates, and plate readers to detect specific organisms are also being used to test hundreds of different growth conditions for one particular cell type in the hopes of finding the right conditions for growth.
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Select all of the following that are valid counterarguments to the idea that evolution is "just a theory."
_____ Scientists use the word theory to describe unifying ideas. _____ Evolution is just a collection of facts without a central theme and this is not a theory. _____ Scientific theories are supported by many types of evidence and no empirical data refutes them. _____ Evolution occurred in the past, but it is not occurring in the present, so it cannot be a theory.
Engelmann concluded that chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is responsible for photosynthesis based on the which of the
following results? a. Protons flow through the ATP synthase complex. b. The action spectrum of photosynthesis matched the maximum production of oxygen by Spirogyra, with the greatest accumulation of bacteria in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. c. Bacteria exposed to the action spectrum for photosynthesis showed no preference to any particular color of light. d. Accessory pigments transfer some of the energy of excitation produced by green light to chlorophyll molecules. e. Spirogyra cells each contain a long, spiral-shaped, emerald-green chloroplast embedded in the cytoplasm.
A series of enzyme-mediated reactions by which cells build, remodel, or break down organic molecules is known as ____.
a. energy carriers
b. metabolic pathways
c. the induced-fit model
d. intermediary compounds
e. activation
The Chloroplastida (green algae) include a wide diversity of forms ranging from unicellular to colonial individuals.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)