Distinguish among the personality assessment methods of self-report measures, projective tests, and behavioral assessment. Provide an example for each method.
What will be an ideal response?
Students' answers may vary.
The answer should include the following elements:
Self-report measures ask people about a small sample of their behavior; these are then used to infer the presence of particular personality characteristics. One of the best examples of a self-report measure is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 RF (MMPI-2 RF).
Projective personality tests tend to contain a small number of relatively ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots. The respondent is asked to interpret, describe, or tell a story about the stimuli. These measures require substantial care and skill in their interpretation. They are most common in clinical than in academic settings. Examples of projective tests include the Rorschach test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Critics contend that projective tests require too much inference on the part of the examiner, that they resist standardization, and that they lack reliability and validity.
Behavioral assessment refers to direct measures of an individual's behavior designed to describe characteristics indicative of personality. Such measures may be obtained in naturalistic or in highly controlled laboratory settings. Ideally, behavioral assessment measures are highly objective and quantifiable. They are especially useful in observing and remedying specific behavioral difficulties, such as shyness in children.
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