Abnormal concentrations of cations inside erythrocytes cause:
a. Spherocytosis
b. Senescence
c. Prolongation of survival
d. Sickling
ANS: A
Red cells have a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of sodium when compared with the plasma environment. To maintain this difference in gradient, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent enzymes are needed. When this system fails, sodium increases and potassium falls in the red cells. This results in loss of selective permeability of the red cell membrane, and water enters the cell causing it to sphere. Senescence is a normal aging process that eventually leads to red cell phagocytosis by splenic macrophages.
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