Explain the processes involved in lithification of sediment into sedimentary rock
What will be an ideal response?
Lithification is the conversion of loose sediment into solid rock. The processes involved are compaction and cementation. The weight of accumulating sediment provides the pressure to compact sedimentary layers. During compaction, sediment grains rotate and repack closely together, which reduces the pore space between the grains. The second step, cementation, involves filling the pore spaces with precipitated minerals. As the environment changes, with increasing pressure and temperature, ions saturated in fluids that runs between the grains of the sediment can precipitate, which fills the pore spaces and surrounds the sediment particles. This makes the grains interlocking into a rock.
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Link earthquakes and landslides
What will be an ideal response?
Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei export their oil mainly to what country?
A) China B) Australia C) Japan D) New Zealand E) Vietnam
Drought can be caused by all of the following except
A) persistent high pressure. B) persistent offshore breeze. C) persistent low pressure. D) change in the direction of an ocean current.
Why do large, broad beaches have gradual slopes?
A) They have coarse particles. B) There is a minimal transport of sediments back to the ocean. C) They are not in equilibrium. D) They have a large area for wave energy to dissipate.