Cancer is a disease of enhanced proliferation and cell survival. DNA repair mechanisms are normally important for cell survival. When a cell senses DNA damage, the cell cycle is inhibited until the damage is fixed
Given the importance of DNA repair mechanisms, how can their failure lead to the production of cancer cells with a competitive advantage over normal cells?
A cell with a defect in its DNA repair mechanisms will have an increased mutation rate, thus increasing its chances to acquire further mutations that give it (and its progeny) a competitive growth advantage.
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Mutations in which of the following genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts?
A) morphogens B) segmentation genes C) egg-polarity genes D) homeotic genes E) inducers
Members of the ____ ("jointed feet") Ecdysozoan phylum have a segmented body encased in a rigid exoskeleton made
of chitin plus other materials.
a. Arthropoda b. Onychophora c. Nemertea d. Annelida e. Nematoda
MHC markers are
a. a type of PAMP. b. special receptors on T cells. c. self proteins on body cells. d. antibodies attached to a B cell plasma membrane. e. Y-shaped proteins secreted by B cells.
As rainfall in an African savanna decreases, it would most likely change into
A. tiaga. B. desert. C. tropical rainforest. D. temperate forest. E. tundra.