________ occur(s) because photons we receive from the edge of the solar disk are emitted further from the base of the photosphere than the photons we receive from the center of the solar disk
a. The Zeeman Effect
b. Sunspots
c. Solar flares
d. Solar prominences
e. Limb darkening
e
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A uniaxial carbon-fiber reinforced composite material is subject to an axial tensile stress. It is desired to determine the actual stress in the graphite fibers using x-ray diffraction, because the calculation of stress equal to force divided by the area of the composite is not valid for the graphite fibers. Graphite fibers have a hexagonal structure, with the basal plane oriented parallel to the fiber axis and the c axis perpendicular to the fiber axis. In the graphite unit cell, there are two sets of parallel graphite planes, with a c lattice parameter of 0.6708 nm. The spacing between individual graphite planes is 0.3354 nm. With x-ray diffraction it is observed that the (0002) peak from the graphite fibers using chromium K? x-rays of wavelength 0.2291 nm is at an angle 2? of 39.98
degrees. The in plane elastic modulus of the graphite fibers is 400 GPa and Poisson’s ratio is 0.20. (a) What is the strain in the graphite fibers perpendicular to the fiber axis? (b) What is the strain in the graphite fibers parallel to the fiber axis? (c) What is the tensile axial stress in the graphite fibers?
Thin Films: A light beam with wavelength 500 nm is reflected constructively from a thin layer of oil having index of refraction 1.25. The oil floats on the top of water of index of refraction 1.33. What is the minimum thickness of the layer of oil?
A. 100 nm B. 150 nm C. 175 nm D. 200 nm E. 225 nm
A player throws a football 50.0 m at 61.0° north of west. The westward component of the displacement of the football thrown is given by
A) 64.7 m. B) 24.2 m. C) 74.0 m. D) 0 m. E) 55.0 m.
Protons and neutrons are held together by the
A. strong nuclear force. B. weak nuclear force. C. electromagnetic force. D. gravitational force.